When a star dies in a violent supernova, some of the planets survive the explosion, but to be thrown out of orbit and sent wandering the galaxy, a new study.
The theory offers an explanation of a handful of free-roaming planets discovered so far, and can mean a number of other worlds as rogue exist throughout the Milky Way.
"Because each star dies, and many of these stars are massive enough to cause warming of ejection, there is ample opportunity throughout the galaxy of stellar death contribute to the floating population," said chief Dimitri Veras study, is an astronomer at Britain's University of Cambridge.
"We do not know yet how these planets are common, but observational evidence suggests that there may be more planets floating between the two stars that orbit them," he said.
The new model also indicates that in very rare cases, some surviving planets can remain linked to supernova remnants, find new ways around neutron stars or black holes left by the explosions. (See images of supernova remnants.)
A wrinkle in the two-body problem
The new theory is based on a complex computer models that take into account anything known in physics as the problem of two bodies.
This formula for classical mechanics, helps to determine the orbits of two bodies interact, the electron around the atomic nucleus of a planet around a star.
As long as astronomers can measure the masses, positions and velocities of the two objects, they can determine their past, present and future tracks using simple mathematical equations.
The new study, except for a ride on the two-body problem, Vera said, because the stars are losing mass, as they go through their agony.
"In this situation, we do not know if a solution exists only simple equations, so in many cases, we must use computers to simulate the trajectories," he said.
Depending on the model, when the stars at least 7 to 10 times the mass of our sun supernova, the swallows of encouragement to all the inner planets that orbit at several times the distance between Earth and sun.
Planets orbiting hundreds of times the Earth-Sun distance will be rather disturbed and their orbits are elongated so that they are finally thrown into interstellar space.
In some cases, disturbing planets be pushed into more distant orbits, but stable at around supernova remnants.
Planets orbiting these stellar remnants can continue as pulsars and black holes themselves far enough they would not be swallowed up by their intense gravitational pull, but the survivors would be charred, dead worlds.
What's more, these worlds can be easily pulled to the limit the system and become a thief whose attraction to draw others close to the stars.
Billions of rogue planets out there?
In May 2011 a different set of observations, astronomers described the tests up to ten planets, which appear to migrate independently through interstellar space.
New ejection mechanism could explain how they escaped from their planets found in stellar systems, Steinn Sigurdsson said an astronomer at Pennsylvania State University is not connected to research. (See the commentary on the book blog Sigurdsson Dynamics of cats.)
But Sigurdsson warns that there might be another way to play is how the planets are thrown out of their star systems.
"Others may be the dominant mechanism is the planet-planet scattering, in which the planets of mass, remove the other planets in their orbits, and a fraction is launched into space than the bound, Rogues," says Sigurdsson.
It is possible, even the two mechanisms work together, Sigurdsson said, with the scattering effect of putting the planets in orbit and out of the supernova and then expelled from the system.
Regardless, he thinks opportunities add up to a large number of floating planets.
"The numbers [with two mechanisms of expulsion] are broadly consistent, and both involve billions of planets in total thugs," he said.
Worlds can accommodate expelled life underground
A big question, which new research is whether life could survive the separation of planets in the clan.
The answer may be yes, if the world had enough internal heat and is already supported the underground life, says John Debes, a planet hunter are not affiliated team Veras.
"The moons like Europa, which is heated by the tides of Jupiter due to constant interaction with other moons, is probably the best of Paris to eject a survivor," said You, a postdoctoral fellow at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland .
"One Earth could live under certain conditions, if there is a moon to survive the expulsion," from the Moon is tidal heating.
Life could also find a way to respond on planets outside the host stars, in good conditions, Debes said. (See "Earth-size" Lone Wolf "planets can support life.")
There have been studies showing that climatic, geodynamic, and biogeochemical might be able to support life on planets without stars, especially those with underlying ocean hot springs, where the movement of energy can still be sufficient to run a biosphere .
Ejection very hard to detect planets
The main objective of Veras and his team had really taken note of the star giving away the planets, which can be difficult if not impossible.
This is because the current technology, the chances are low to find planets of the dying star about to explode.
Now is the test results of what happens to stars when they die, a large orbiting planets, and the free-floating planets, Veras said.
"All the ingredients are there," he said. "But the time to really observe a planet being ejected in most cases is longer than a human life."
The study is currently projected warming on the website arXiv.org preprint and have been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
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